This type of data consists mainly of reports that are directly related to banks’ international operations. Data sources which are often used in the literature are the BIS statistics on international banking or data on foreign ownership by Claessens and Van Horen (2014).
Links to data sources
The ADD is the most granular and comprehensive dataset on external borrowing by African governments thus far. The project moves beyond existing aggregate datasets and instead releases information on individual loans and bonds, in particular on the financial terms of each instrument. Taken together, it covers over 7000 loans and bonds between 2000 and 2020, with a total volume of 790 billion USD.
Data Provider: Kiel Institute for the World Economy
Level/Frequency: Country-Level Data / Quarterly
Geographic Coverage: Africa
Time Range: 2000–2020
Availability: Free access online
Where has it been used? Mihalyi, D., and C. Trebesch (2023). Who Lends to Africa and How? Introducing the Africa Debt Database. Kiel Working Paper No. 2217.
Analytical Database on Individual Multinationals and Affiliates (ADIMA)
This new OECD database reports on 500 of the world’s largest multinational enterprises (MNEs) and their affiliates, including information on subsidiaries and websites belonging to a MNE, indicators on e.g. market power, as well as a “monitor”, which identifies events which may significantly affect a company’s structure and global profile. The data are compiled using open big data sources.
Data Provider: OECD
Level/Frequency: MNE-Level Data
Geographic Coverage: World (where MNEs are active)
Time Range: Since 2019
Availability: Free access online
Balance sheet data of German banks abroad (Deutsche Bundesbank BISTA)
It lists domestic banks’ assets and liabilities based on the books at the end of the month. Also provides assets and liabilities of foreign branches and subsidiaries of German banks. They thus represent the most comprehensive statistical survey of the banking industry in Germany and are at the core of the banking statistics reporting system.
Data Provider: Deutsche Bundesbank
Level/Frequency: Bank-Level Data / Monthly
Geographic Coverage: Germany
Time Range: Since 1993, regularly updated
Availability: Available upon project-application at the Research Department of the Deutsche Bundesbank.
This database contains full ownership information over the period 1995-2013 for 5,498 banks active in 139 countries. It includes for each bank its year of establishment, its year of inactivity, its ownership (foreign or domestic) and, if foreign owned, the home country of the majority shareholder.
Data Provider: De Nederlandsche Bank
Level/Frequency: Bank-Level Data
Geographic Coverage: World
Time Range: 1995–2013
Availability: Free access online
Where has it been used? Claessens, S., and N. van Horen (2015). The impact of the global financial crisis on banking globalization. IMF Economic Review.
Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey
Provides data on an economy’s holdings of portfolio investment securities.
Data Provider: International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Level/Frequency: Annually
Time Range: Since 12/2001, regularly updated
Availability: Free access online
Country-Level Banking Data (Committee on the Global Financial System)
The data, covering 21 countries over the 2000-2016 period, encompass various aspects of banking e.g. indicators of market structure, balance sheet composition, capitalisation and performance.
Data Provider: Committee on the Global Financial System
Level/Frequency: Country-Level Data / Annually
Geographic Coverage: 21 countries (CGFS – countries)
Time Range: 2000–2016
Availability: Free Access Online
Cross-border Bilateral Positions (BIS Locational Statistics)
This data set records banks’ bilateral cross-border claims and liabilities in the locational banking statistics (LBS) by residence. The latest BIS locational and consolidated banking statistics refer to end-June 2022. The statistics are subject to revision and are affected by breaks in series (or changes in compilation) over time. Breaks may arise from: changes in the population of reporting institutions, including the addition of new reporting countries; changes in reporting practices; or methodological improvements.
Data Provider: Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
Level/Frequency: Bank-Level Data / Quarterly
Geographic Coverage: World
Time Range: Since 2022 Q2 (regularly updated)
Availability: Free access online
Cross-border Claims (BIS Consolidated Statistics)
It reports worldwide consolidated claims of banks headquartered in a given BIS reporting country. The data include claims of own foreign affiliates but excludes positions between related offices.
Data Provider: Bank for International Settlements (BIS, Description)
Level/Frequency: Country-Level Data / Quarterly
Geographic Coverage: BIS Reporting Countries
Time Range: Since 1983, regularly updated
Availability: Free Access Online
Where has it been used? Houston, J.F., Lin, C., Ma, Y. (2012) Regulatory Arbitrage and International Bank Flows, The Journal of Finance 67 (5), 1845–1895.
Buch, C. M. (2005). Distance and international banking. Review of International Economics 13(4): 787-804.
Cross-border Positions (BIS Locational Statistics)
It reports worldwide claims and liabilities of banks headquartered in a given BIS reporting country. The cross-border positions are available by location of reporting bank and sector of counterparty.
Data Provider: Bank for International Settlements
Level/Frequency: Country-Level Data / Quarterly
Geographic Coverage: BIS Reporting Countries
Time Range: Since 1977, regularly updated
Availability: Free Access Online
Provides historical data for stocks, indices, mutual funds, exchange rates and corporate events on European markets. Data for other regions are available upon request.
Data Provider: European Financial Data Institute (EUROFIDAI)
Level/Frequency: Stock or Index / Daily
Geographic Coverage: Europe (other regions upon request)
Time Range: 1980–2019
Availability: Limited
External Positions of German Banks (Deutsche Bundesbank)
The external position of banks shows the assets and liabilities of banks in Germany and their foreign branches and subsidiaries vis-à-vis non-residents. The micro database is based on the individual monthly reports of all German banks.
Data Provider: Deutsche Bundesbank
Level/Frequency: Bank-Level Data / Monthly
Geographic Coverage: Germany
Time Range: Since 2003, regularly updated
Availability: Free access online
External Wealth of Nations database (Lane and Milesi-Ferretti)
The EWN provides estimates of each country’s external financial assets and liabilities. These data also yield estimates of each country’s net international investment position (NIIP), the difference between its total external financial assets and its total external liabilities.
Data Provider: Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti and Philip Lane
Level/Frequency: Country-Level Data / Annually
Geographic Coverage: 212 countries and territories, plus the euro area and the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU)
Time Range: 1970–2022
Availability: Free access online (here)
Where has it been used? Lane and Milesi-Ferretti (2001), (2007), (2018)
FinFlows: a database for bilateral financial investment stocks and flows
The database covers yearly bilateral financial investment positions (stocks and flows) between 80 OECD, EU, and offshore nations from 2000. Financial investments are classified as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), portfolio investments, and other investments.
Data Provider: European Commission
Level/Frequency: Country-Level Data / Annually
Geographic Coverage: 80 Countries
Time Range: Since 2000, regularly updated
Availability: Free access online
Where has it been used? Nardo, M., Ndacyayisenga, N., Pagano, A. and Zeugner, S., Finflows: database for bilateral financial investment stocks and flows, EUR 28833 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2017, ISBN 978-92-79-74284-2, doi:10.2760/172684, JRC108392.
Gross capital flows by banks, corporates and sovereigns
Provides data on gross capital flows by sector (banks, corporates and sovereigns), both on capital inflows (85 countries from Q1 1996 to Q4 2014) and outflows (31 countries from Q1 2004 to Q4 2014) at a quarterly frequency.
Data Provider: Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
Level/Frequency: Quarterly
Geographic Coverage: 85 countries
Time Range: 1996–2014
Availability: Free access online
International Financial Statistics
Provides data on a country’s exchange rate, Fund position, international liquidity, monetary statistics, interest rates, prices, production, labor, international transactions, government accounts, national accounts, and population. Section 7 (International Liquidity) in the data is especially interesting for cross-border banking issues.
Data Provider: International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Level/Frequency: Annually
Geographic Coverage: World (194 countries and areas)
Time Range: Since 1948, regularly updated
Availability: Free access online
OECD Monthly Capital Flow Dataset
The OECD monthly capital flows dataset compiles monthly capital flow data from public sources in 49 countries starting from January 1995. It covers all main capital flow categories of the financial account – FDI, portfolio equity, debt and other investment and covering both inflows and outflows. It is updated on a quarterly basis.
Data Provider: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Level/Frequency: Country-Level Data / Monthly
Geographic Coverage: World
Time Range: 1995–2025, regularly updated
Availability: Free access online
Where has it been used? de Crescenzio, A. and E. Lepers (2021), Extreme capital flow episodes from the Global Financial Crisis to COVID-19: An exploration with monthly data, OECD Working Papers on International Investment, No. 2021/05.
Patterns in Invoicing Currency in Global Trade
Provides extensive information on invoice percentage shares of currencies used in trade transactions. Information is classified by imports and exports and available for the dollar, euro, and the respective home currency of each country.
Data Provider: Emine Boz, Camila Casas, Georgios Georgiadis, Gita Gopinath, Helena Le Mezo, Arnaud Mehl and Tra Nguyen
Level/Frequency: Country-Level Data / Annually
Geographic Coverage: World
Time Range: 1990–2020
Availability: Free access online
Where has it been used? Boz, E., Casas, C., Georgiadis, G., Gopinath, G., Le Mezo, H., Mehl, A., & Nguyen, T. (2020). Patterns in invoicing currency in global trade. IMF Working Paper No. 20/126.
It provides data for investment banking, regulatory, mergers and acquisitions, institutional sales and research, equity capital markets and fixed income. Data is covering lending by individual banks to various countries as well as lending to individual countries by various banks and also contains the underlying deals.
Data Provider: Dealogic
Level/Frequency: Bank-Level Data / Daily
Geographic Coverage: World
Time Range: n.a.
Availability: No free access
Syndicated Loans (Thomson Reuters Dealscan)
Provides detailed information on deals in the international loan market. Also contains data on terms and conditions for more than 200 000 global loans and bond transactions. This database allows users to set individual parameters to search for detailed information on individual deals, to gain a market overview or to do an industry study.
Data Provider: Thomson Reuters Dealscan
Level/Frequency: Bank-Level Data
Geographic Coverage: World
Time Range: n.a.
Availability: No free access
Target 2 Balances (Institute of Empirical Economic Research – Osnabrück University)
Provides monthly data on Target 2 balances for all euro area members. It allows monitoring developments over time.
Data Provider: Institute of Empirical Economic Research – Osnabrück University
Level/Frequency: Country-Level Data / Monthly
Geographic Coverage: Euro Area
Time Range: Since 1999, regularly updated
Availability: Free access online
Where has it been used? Steinkamp, S. and Westermann, F. (2014), The role of creditor seniority in Europe’s sovereign debt crisis. Economic Policy, 29: 495–552. doi: 10.1111/1468-0327.12036.
Provides 21 new monthly series on TARGET2.
Data Provider: European Central Bank (ECB)
Level/Frequency: Monthly
Geographic Coverage: Euro Area
Time Range: Since 2008, regularly updated
Availability: Free access online
The Global Sanctions Database (GSDB)
Provides information on various economic sanctions by and to countries since 1950, including multilateral, plurilateral or bilateral sanctions. The database further specifies the kind, political objectives, and success for each sanction.
Data Provider: University of Applied Sciences Konstanz, LeBow College of Business (Drexel University) and Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IFW)
Level/Frequency: Country-Level Data
Geographic Coverage: World
Time Range: 1950–2019
Availability: Free access, requests should be sent to GSDB@drexel.edu
Where has it been used? Felbermayr, G., Kirilakha, A., Syropoulos, C., Yalcin, E., & Yotov, Y. V. (2020). The global sanctions data base. European Economic Review, 129, 103561.